Seaplane with retractable twin floats

ABSTRACT

A twin float aircraft ( 1 ) which has a retractable float ( 4  and  5 ) for each side of a fuselage ( 3 ) providing buoyancy for the aircraft during take off and landing and reduced air resistance during flight with each of the floats ( 4  and  5 ) being articulated ( 12  and  13 ) to assist streamline alignment when retracted.

This invention relates to twin float aircraft.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The term “twin float aircraft” is used to distinguish aircraft having afloat located to each side of a centre line aligned in a forward to aftalignment of the aircraft where the respective floats provide asubstantial proportion at least of flotation for the aircraft and do notact merely as stabilisers.

This then is to distinguish such aircraft from seaplanes which may havestabiliser floats depending from a respective wing.

BACKGROUND ART

Twin float aircraft are well known and conventionally provide for afloat to be fixedly secured to be positioned somewhat below and somewhatto a side in each case of a wing and a fuselage respectively.

A main current issue is that having floats in this position are simplynot aerodynamically efficient.

One of the issues addressed by this invention is to provide anarrangement which allows for improvement of aerodynamic efficiency inconnection with twin float aircraft.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

In one form of this invention, there is proposed a twin float aircraftwith its floats arranged to at least substantially support the aircraftin a floating on water status providing sufficient buoyancy andstability for the aircraft during take off and landing, the aircrafthaving a first of the floats located to one side of a main fuselage ofthe aircraft, and a second of the floats located to a second side of themain fuselage which is opposite to the said first side of the mainfuselage of the aircraft, the floats each being secured to the aircraftso that they can each assume at least two positions, a first of which isan extended position and a second of which is a retracted position, thefloats being each arranged when in the retracted position to be locatedwith respect to the main fuselage so that a substantial portion of thesurface area of each respective float is shielded from contributingsubstantially to air flow resistance of the aircraft when in flight.

In preference as an alternative the invention can be said to reside in atwin float aircraft with its floats each being secured to the aircraftso that they can each assume at least two positions, a first of which isan extended position and a second of which is a retracted position, andbeing arranged when in an extended position, to at least substantiallysupport the aircraft in a floating on water status providing sufficientbuoyancy and stability for the aircraft during take off and landing, theaircraft having a first of the floats located to one side of a mainfuselage of the aircraft, and a second of the floats located to a secondside of the main fuselage which second side is opposite to the saidfirst side of the main fuselage of the aircraft, the floats being eacharranged when in the retracted position to be located with respect tothe main fuselage so that a substantial portion of the surface area ofeach respective float is shielded from contributing substantially to airflow resistance of the aircraft when in flight, each of the floatshaving a portion which is articulated with respect to a further part ofthe float, and being arranged such that when the float is supported tobe in an extended position, the float has a first articulated position,and when the float is supported to be in a retracted position, the floathas a second articulated position which is different from the said firstarticulated position.

In preference at least one of the floats is comprised of at least twoportions one of which is at or is a forward end of the float and one ofwhich is at or is a rearward end of the float, the two portions beingconnected so that they are moveable one with respect to the other andare articulated thereby.

In preference, each of the floats in a retracted position is located soas to be positioned in an adjacent relationship with a fuselage of theaircraft.

In preference, each float when in a retracted position is positioned sothat surfaces of the respective float which were lowermost in theextended position are positioned to not be outer surfaces when in theretracted position.

The value of this feature is that surfaces which would become waterwetted surfaces while the aircraft was being supported by the floatswill then be retracted to a position where the retracted position in asense covers the formerly wet surfaces.

This has the significant advantage of further assisting aerodynamicefficiency.

In preference, each respective float can also be positioned in a furtherextended position where a wheel or wheels then is or are positioned tosupport the aircraft directly.

In such a situation, there can be a further nose wheel which can bepositioned to be retracted or extended as appropriate.

One of the issues with the arrangement described is that in order tohave a float that is most appropriate for supporting the aircraft fortake off and landing, is that, such a float may not have an appropriateshape to be most appropriately positioned relative to the aircraft whenin a retracted position to offer an appropriate contouring for goodaerodynamic efficiency.

In preference then, there is provided that each float has at least oneportion which is articulated with respect to a remainder of the float.

With such an articulation, it has been found that by bringing anappropriately shaped float into an aerodynamically efficient positionalongside the fuselage, it is an advantage if a rear portion of thefloat can then be moved further in to follow a more appropriatealignment with a rear portion of the fuselage of the aircraft.

While the description has been given in connection with fixed wingaircraft, it is in preference also applicable to rotary wing aircraftand it is also applicable to smaller aircraft and unmanned aircraftincluding model aircraft.

From experiments that we have conducted so far, it appears that theinvention can be applied in many different ways and to many differentaircraft.

At least in the beginning, it is envisaged that it will be applied byincorporating a pack which will be attached to an existing developedaircraft and later it is envisaged that specifically designed aircraftwill incorporate the concepts of this invention.

A number of features have been developed in order to over come specificproblems related to the development of this invention including theaddition of movable fairings so that when a float is adjacent afuselage, additional arrangements can be used to make the applicationeven more successful.

Such further developments include the use of a stub wing which can carrywith it frame members to provide for support of a float both in aretracted and in an extended position, and the stub wing can beappropriately shaped to provide an aerodynamically active surface or anaerodynamically inactive surface.

Further, while reference has been made to articulating a rear portion ofa respective float, a front portion of a float can also be articulatedwith a remainder of the body of a float again to facilitate conformingits shape to a most appropriate aerodynamically efficient alignment.

In a further preferred form, each float is arranged so that in oneposition it has an extendable portion so that the effective operatinglength is able to be changed. In one case then, this includes anarrangement where the respective floats are of an extended length whenin an extended as compared to a retracted position with respect to theaircraft and such that they can each be retracted in length when beingretracted with respect to the aircraft. This provides advantages ofproviding water stability while allowing the floats to clear a propellerwhen retracted.

It has been found most appropriate at this stage to provide a forwardfairing attached to a fuselage and behind which a float in a retractedposition is located.

In trials thus far, a float has been located so that it is thusappropriately positioned where it will lie alongside the fuselagesomewhat to the side and below this.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of this invention it will now be describedwith respect to preferred embodiments which shall be described with theassistance of drawings wherein;

FIG. 1 is a perspective view from below of an aircraft in accordancewith a first embodiment incorporating retractable floats, the aircraftbeing a twin float aircraft of fixed wing design and the viewillustrates the aircraft from beneath with the floats in a retractedposition,

FIG. 1 a is a view of a second embodiment the view being from the frontof a further twin engined aircraft illustrating similar modifications asin FIG. 1 applied to such alternate aircraft and showing this in theretracted form as in FIG. 1,

FIG. 2 is the same view as in FIG. 1 except in this case, the floats arein an extended position,

FIG. 2 a is a front view of the same twin engine aircraft as in FIG. 1 aillustrating the position of the floats when in an extended position asapplied to this other aircraft,

FIG. 3 is the same perspective view from beneath the aircraft as inFIGS. 1 and 2 where however, the floats have been further extended andlanding gear has now been lowered so as to be operable to enable theaircraft to taxi to and from water to land and land to water,

FIG. 3 a is a front view of the second aircraft as in FIGS. 1 a and 2 ashowing the floats in the same relative further extended position asshown in FIG. 3 with a landing carriage lowered,

FIG. 4 is a perspective view from beneath of the aircraft as in FIGS. 1,2 and 3 wherein this case the floats have been kept in a fully retractedposition and landing gear which include two side wheels and a nose wheelhave been lowered to provide landing support on land for the aircraftwhich allows the aircraft to conventionally land or take-off,

FIG. 4 a is a front view of the aircraft as in FIGS. 1 a, 2 a and 3 awith the landing gear also extended for a conventional landing on landwhile the floats remain fully retracted,

FIG. 5 is a view from beneath again in perspective as in FIGS. 1 through4 illustrating the position of the rear of each respective float whenpositioned prior to deployment to an extended position for a waterlanding position.

FIG. 6 (a) is a part front view of connecting elements providing forsupport for each of the floats for each of the several aircraft typespreviously shown, this showing the connections as one embodiment of howthese elements can support landing gear and the floats for retractionand extension and a hydraulic ram to effect this relative movementbetween these respective members,

FIGS. 6(b) and 6(c) are a side view of a support and extendingretraction mechanism showing in (b) the float on one side in an extendedposition with the retracted opposition in dotted outline and the reversebeing shown in (c).

FIG. 7 is three front views of the aircraft as shown in FIGS. 1 a, 2 a,3 a and 4 a this time enlarged so that in (a) there is shown a firstembodiment by which the landing gear can be retracted inwardly, (b)shows an a second embodiment by which the landing gear can be retractedin a different direction, and (c) illustrates the way in which wheelscan be located within the float itself,

FIG. 8 is a side elevation of a further aircraft in accord with thisinvention. This illustrates a particular aircraft which is of a typeknown as a short nose tractor propeller aircraft with floats in aretracted position, (b) illustrates the floats in a now extendedposition but not in a fully deployed position prior to landing, and (c)illustrates the aircraft now in a fully deployed position where thefloats are both extended relative to the aircraft and in respect oftheir length, and

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a further embodiment showing a rearloading type aircraft with however an articulated rearward end for eachof the floats and an adjustable fairing to assist in effectingstreamline flow over a connection between the articulated portion of thefloats when in an upwardly inclined position after being retracted.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Now referring to the drawings and in particular to FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and5, each of these illustrate a twin float aircraft 1 which has fixedwings 2, a main body or fuselage 3, and extending through a forward torearward alignment of the aircraft 1, floats 4 and 5.

The floats 4 and 5 in each case are positioned so as to be located in aretracted position at least, behind a fairing 6 which is secured beneaththe fuselage 3 and positioned just behind the propeller 7. This fairing6 forms thereby a portion of the main fuselage 3 which is at a forwardpart of the fuselage 3 and such that, in the retracted position, each ofthe floats 4 and 5 is positioned relative to the fairing 6 so that thereis an alignment providing a substantially streamline shape across thefairing 6 and from the fairing 6 to each respective float 4 and 5 eachof which is located behind the fairing 6.

In addition, in each case, there is shown appropriately, two side wheels8 and 9 and a nose wheel 10.

There are simple means to effect the articulation of one portion of afloat with another portion of a float. This will use hydraulic rams(although a screw jack, electric motor or pneumatic air ram could beused) and pivots so that a pilot or controller can then both remotelyeffect the extent of articulation and also ensure that there is aninterlock effective when the articulated portion is moved to anoperating position. The details of these relatively conventionalmechanical connections and members are shown specifically in FIG. 5 as60 and 61.

The mechanism for retracting or extending the floats 4 and 5 withrespect to the fuselage 3 includes pivotally secured link members asshown at FIG. 6 which will be described in greater detail later, whichare such that the floats 4 and 5 can be selectively and jointly extendedwhile the aircraft 1 is in flight and as well retracted while theaircraft is in flight and, as necessary, the landing gear in thisembodiment which are the wheels 8, 9 and 10, can be lowered or liftedagain as required by the pilot for the purpose required.

By this relatively straight forward adjustment in position of floats 4and 5, significant savings in terms of a reduction in effective airresistance when the aircraft is in flight, can be achieved. Significantsavings have been calculated which can be made possible by thisarrangement.

As can be seen, by use of the arrangement a substantial portion of thesurface area of each respective float (as well as the adjacent fuselagesurface) is shielded from contributing substantially to air flowresistance of the aircraft when in flight

The advantages achieved through use of the embodiment according to thisinvention have thus far been calculated with respect to existingaircraft types and as an illustration of this we now refer to theresults of calculations in connection with one aircraft type a CessnaC208 Caravan.

The comparison is between published data with respect to this aircraftwhich is provided with respect to such an aircraft with fixed floats ascompared to modifications in accordance with this invention in which thefloats in the one instance are extended, and in the other are retractedto an adjacent position with respect to the body with a front fairingand with rear portions of the floats each being articulated so that inthe retracted position each float has its rear portion articulated tofollow more closely the outside alignment of the aircraft body.

In some comparison if such an aircraft not fitted with floats then isassessed to have 100 units of drag then it will typically have 145 unitsof drag when fitted with fixed floats.

The calculated advantage using this invention then is that with the sameaircraft, it will have only 120 units of drag or 17% less drag than thefixed float installation when the retractable floats are in theretracted position.

This improvement can be used either to provide an increased range forthe aircraft, an increased payload, an increased speed or additionalaltitude or any combination of these.

Having floats that can then be controlled in position, leads to furtheradvantages and a first of these is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 6.

Where a float aircraft lands on water, it now becomes possible to taxitoward the shore and when in appropriately shallow water, the floats canthen be further extended with the wheels being lowered so that taxiingcan then continue for the aircraft to run up on the shore or beach onits wheels.

This then will provide very significant advantages especially when theaircraft is to be stored over a period, or where the water might beinappropriate for supporting the aircraft for instance in verytempestuous weather. Further, there is advantage for loading orunloading on land as compared to water.

One of the features of each of the floats in the arrangement describedis that in order to pack this beneath the fuselage, a significantbreakthrough solution has been found which is to provide that a rearportion be articulated with respect to a forward portion of the float.

A first position which is to say the position that the floats 4 and 5come to when they are first brought into a retracted position, is shownin FIG. 5 with the articulatable portions being shown at 12 and 13.There are arrangements operable by a pilot (in the case of a mannedflight or controller in the case of an unmanned flight) which includetwo hydraulic rams which simply rotate each respective rear portion 12and 13 so that they firstly come together and fit with an uptilt so thatthey can form closely to the adjacent side of the underneath of the rearportion of the body of the aircraft 1.

Referring to FIG. 6 (a), for each side of the fuselage 3 of the aircraft1 there is a leg 30 extending out from the fuselage 3 with a pivot 33 towhich a connecting plate 34 is supported at one end extending beyond theleg 30 to a pivot 31 to which an arm 35 is supported which is connectedto and supports the float 4. Hydraulic ram 36 is connected between plate34 and the float 4 to operate effectively a connection which allows forthe further extended positioning of the float 4 (or 5 in the otherside). Hydraulic ram 37 is positioned to control the position of plate34 relative to the fuselage 3 and therefore the extending of the float 4between the retracted and extended position. There is shown aretractable wheel 38 which is retractable to the position shown at 39.

The protrusion of the pivot 33 below a stub wing in the flight mode willhave a relatively low aerodynamic drag.

Referring to FIGS. 6 (b) and (c), for each side of the fuselage 3 of theaircraft 1 there is a fixed leg 40 extending out from the fuselage 3with a pivot 41 to which leg 42 is attached which supports the float 4.Hydraulic ram 43 secured between a pivot at 44 with the fixed leg 40 hasits outer end secured with a pivot connection 45 to the leg 42 whichthen enables this to control the position of the float 4 between theextended position as shown in FIG. 6 (b) and the retracted position asshown in FIG. 6 (c).

Now referring again to the articulated float, a further advantage of thearticulated float is the fact that this can allow for a greater angle ofrotation of the aircraft on takeoff from land when the floats are in aretracted position and where the aircraft is using its undercarriage.

Now referring to FIGS. 1 a, 2 a, 3 a and 4 a, these are front views of adifferent aircraft with however the application of the invention beingthe same which is to say that it is incorporated in a pack and attachedto a developed airplane and in each case again, it is a twin floataircraft 100 with however a high wing 101 and two engines 102 and 103one to each side of a central fuselage 104.

The figures as described in reference to these figures then illustratehow the same concept can then apply whether the aircraft is a singlefront engine airplane with a low wing or twin engine high wing.

A front fairing 106 provides front streamlining behind which the floats105 can in their retracted position nest. This also then covers asubstantial part of the fuselage and reduces thereby exposed outersurface thereby reducing air drag. Wheels 109 are able to be variouslypositioned to be retracted as in 1 a, separately extended as in 4 a,retracted as in 2 a with floats 105 in their extended position or in 3 awhere there is a third position with the extra extension of the floats.

Now referring in detail to FIGS. 8 (a), (b) and (c) the aircraft 20 isof a type generally described as a short nose tractor propeller aircraftwhere there is a forward most engine at 21 with a propeller at 22.

The design issue addressed here is that, with such a relatively heavyengine, there is a need to provide buoyancy with sufficient longitudinalstability which may not be provided if the floats are restrained to alength and position determined by the retracted position.

The answer then is to provide that each of the floats 23 is adapted tobe able to be extended in length by having a forward portion 24 whichwhen in a extended position as shown in FIG. 8 (c), projects somewhatmore forwardly than when in the retracted position as shown in FIG. 8(a) or even in 8 (b).

By having this forward portion 24 able to be moved so as to extend thelength of the float 23 with respect to a remainder of the float, allowsfor adequate longitudinal distribution of buoyancy particularly when theaircraft is landing.

The means to effect the extension of the movable portion 24 with respectto a remainder portion of the float 23 can include an inflatable bag 25which can be used both to effect the extension or retraction in lengthbut as well, has the advantage of providing additional flotation.

A surprising further advantage of this ability to retract each of thefloats in length is the fact that this also then additionally assists inreducing aerodynamic drag.

In FIG. 9 the aircraft 200 is of a rear loading type with floats 201 and202 being supported to be extendable in the manner as shown with theprevious embodiments with the additional features that the rear portions204 and 205 of each of the floats 201 and 202 are articulatable. Thisallows for these portions to be upwardly inclined once in flight as isshown which allows for the additional surface area of the fuselage to becovered during a flight but also allows for the rotation of the aircraftduring takeoff. Also this allows for access to a rear door 208 of theaircraft. Additionally the fairings 206 and 207 are arranged andsupported so that the connection between the parts of the float arecovered to assist in greater streamlining.

What will now be seen, then is that the invention for the first timeenables significant savings to be made in connection with float planesespecially in terms of operating costs and the invention further adds inrelation to the further extension concept, the advantage of very readytransfer from water to land and it also allows in a further embodiment,for conventional land landings even though it is carrying floats.

The description has referred to fairings and it is understood that thesecould be applied in various ways so as to assist in integrating when ina retracted position, the floats are as close as they appropriately canbe to the body of the aircraft.

Further fairings can be added and can be made adjustable as indeed canboth a forward portion and a rear portion of the float be madearticulated so as to facilitate as necessary adoption of these withrespect to an existing aircraft body.

While reference has been made in each of the preceding cases to theincorporation of a pack which can be then attached to an existingdeveloped aircraft, it is also realised that this invention can beapplied to a new design of aircraft which has been developed with thepurpose of integrating floats which can both be extended or retractedinto an existing body where the body itself is shaped so as to encompasswhen in a retracted position, the floats are then nested intoappropriately shaped cavities within the body.

1. A twin float aircraft comprising: a main fuselage; and floatsarranged to at least substantially support the aircraft in a floating onwater status, wherein the fuselage is positioned at least substantiallyabove the water, wherein the floats provide sufficient buoyancy andstability for the aircraft during take off and landing, wherein a firstof the floats is located to one side of the main fuselage of theaircraft, wherein a second of the floats is located to a second side ofthe main fuselage which is opposite to the said first side of the mainfuselage of the aircraft, wherein the floats are each secured to theaircraft so that they can each assume at least two positions, a first ofwhich is an extended position and a second of which is a retractedposition, the floats being each arranged when in the retracted positionto be located with respect to the main fuselage so that a substantialportion of the surface area of each respective float that acts tosupport the aircraft in the water in the floating on water status isshielded from contributing substantially to air flow resistance of theaircraft when in flight, and wherein at least one of the floats iscomprised of at least two portions one of which is at or is a forwardend of the float and one of which is at or is a rearward end of thefloat, the two portions being connected so that they are moveable onewith respect to the other and are articulated thereby.
 2. A twin floataicraft as in claim 1 further comprising a fairing forming a portion ofthe main fuselage which is at a forward part of the fuselage and suchthat, in the retracted position, each of the floats is positionedrelative to the fairing so that there is an alignment providing asubstantially streamline shape across the fairing and from the fairingto each respective float.
 3. A twin float aircraft as in claim 1 furthercomprising a fairing forming a portion of the main fuselage which is ata forward part of the fuselage and such that, in the retractcd position,each of the floats is positioned relative to the fairing so that thereis an alignment providing a substantially streamline shape across thefairing and from the fairing to each respective float each of which islocated behind the fairing.
 4. A twin float aircraft as in claim 1wherein each of the floats is arranged and supported so as to be adaptedto be able to be moved to a third position which is a position that isbeyond the extended position.
 5. A twin float as in claim 1 wherein eachof the floats is arranged and supported so as to be adapted to be ableto be moved to a third position which is a position that is beyond theextended position and a wheel is supported and located with eachrespective float so as to act as an undercarriage wheel for the aircraftwhen the respective float is so further positioned.
 6. A twin floataircraft as in claim 1 wherein the aircraft is a fixed wing aircraft. 7.A twin float aircraft as in claim 1 wherein the aircraft is a modelaircraft.
 8. A twin float aircraft as in claim 1 wherein each of thefloats in a retracted position is located so as to be positioned in anadjacent relationship with a fuselage of the aircraft.
 9. A twin floataircraft as in claim 1 wherein each float when in a retracted positionis positioned so that the surfaces of the respective float which werelowermost in the extended position are positioned to not be outersurfaces when in the retracted position.
 10. A twin float aircraft as inclaim 1 wherein there is a stub wing which can carry with it framemembers to provide for support of a float both in a retracted and in anextended position.
 11. A twin float aircraft comprising: a mainfuselage; and floats arranged to at least substantially support theaircraft in a floating on water status, wherein the fuselage ispositioned at least substantially above the water, wherein the floatsprovide sufficient buoyancy and stability for the aircraft during takeoff and landing, wherein a first of the floats is located to one side ofthe main fuselage of the aircraft, wherein a second of the floats islocated to a second side of the main fuselage which is opposite to thesaid first side of the main fuselage of the aircraft, wherein the floatsare each secured to the aircraft so that they can each assume at leasttwo positions, a first of which is an extended position and a second ofwhich is a retracted position, the floats being each arranged when inthe retracted position to be located with respect to the main fuselageso that a substantial portion of the surface area of each respectivefloat that acts to support the aircraft in the water in the floating onwater status is shielded from contributing substantially to air flowresistance of the aircraft when in flight, and wherein each of thefloats is comprised of at least two portions one of which is at or is aforward end of the float and one of which is at or is a rearward end ofthe float, the two portions being connected so that they are moveableone with respect to the other and are articulated thereby, and such thatwhen the floats are in an extended position they assume a firstarticulated position, with a forward portion being substantiallylinearly aligned with the rearward portion and when in a retractedposition they are in a further articulated position in which therearward portion is inclined with respect to the forward portion with amost rearward portion of the rearward portion being highest so as tosubstantially conform an alignment of an upper part of the float with anunderneath upwardly inclined alignment of a rearward part of the mainfuselage.
 12. A twin float aircraft comprising: a main fuselage; andfloats arranged to at least substantially support the aircraft in afloating on water status, wherein the fuselage is positioned at leastsubstantially above the water, wherein the floats provide sufficientbuoyancy and stability for the aircraft during take off and landing,wherein a first of the floats is located to one side of the mainfuselage of the aircraft, wherein a second of the floats is located to asecond side of the main fuselage which is opposite to the said firstside of the main fuselage of the aircraft, and wherein the floats areeach secured to the aircraft so that they can each assume at least twopositions, a first of which is an extended position and a second ofwhich is a retracted position, the floats being each arranged when inthe retracted position to be located with respect to the main fuselageso that a substantial portion of the surface area of each respectivefloat that acts to support the aircraft in the water in the floating onwater status is shielded from contributing substantially to air flowresistance of the aircraft when in flight, and wherein each of thefloats has a portion which is articulated with respect to a further partof the float so that in a retracted position the float is articulated toassume a more streamline alignment with the fuselage.
 13. A twin floataircraft with its floats each being secured to the aircraft so that theycan each assume at least two positions, a first of which is an extendedposition and a second of which is a retracted position, and beingarranged when in an extended position, to at least substantially supportthe aircraft in a floating on water status providing sufficient buoyancyand stability for the aircraft during take off and landing, the aircrafthaving a first of the floats located to one side of a main fuselage ofthe aircraft, and a second of the floats located to a second side of themain fuselage which second side is opposite to the said first side ofthe main fuselage of the aircraft, the floats being each arranged whenin the retracted position to be located with respect to the mainfuselage so that a substantial portion of the surface area of eachrespective float is shielded from contributing substantially to air flowresistance of the aircraft when in flight, each of the floats having aportion which is articulated with respect to a further part of thefloat, and being arranged such that when the float is supported to be inan extended position, the float has a first articulated position, andwhen the float is supported to be in a retracted position, the float hasa second articulated position which is different from the said firstarticulated position, wherein at least one of the floats is comprised ofat least two portions one of which is at or is a forward end of thefloat and one of which is at or is a rearward end of the float, the twoportions being connected so that they are moveable one with respect tothe other and are articulated thereby.
 14. A twin float aircraft as inclaim 13 further comprising a fairing forming a portion of the mainfuselage which is at a forward part of the fuselage and such that, inthe retracted position, each of the floats is positioned relative to thefairing so that there is an alignment providing a substantiallystreamline shape across the fairing and from the fairing to eachrespective float.
 15. A twin float aircraft as in claim 13 furthercomprising a fairing forming a portion of the main fuselage which is ata forward part of the fuselage and such that, in the retracted position,each of the floats is positioned relative to the fairing so that thereis an alignment providing a substantially streamline shape across thefairing and from the fairing to each respective float each of which islocated behind the fairing.
 16. A twin float aircraft as in claim 13wherein each of the floats is arranged and supported so as to be adaptedto be able to be moved to a third position which is a position that isbeyond the extended position.
 17. A twin float as in claim 13 whereineach of the floats is arranged and supported so as to be adapted to beable to be moved to a third position which is a position that is beyondthe extended position and a wheel is supported and located with eachrespective float so as to act as an undercarriage wheel for the aircratwhen the respective float is so further positioned.
 18. A twin floataircraft as in claim 13 wherein each of the floats has a portion whichis articulated with respect to a further part of the float so that in aretracted position the float is articulated to assume a more streamlinealignment with the fuselage.
 19. A twin float aircraft as in claim 13wherein the aircraft is a fixed wing aircraft.
 20. A twin float aircraftas in claim 13 wherein the aircraft is a model aircraft.
 21. A twinfloat aircraft as in claim 13 wherein each of the floats in a retractedposition is located so as to be positioned in an adjacent relationshipwith a fuselage of the aircraft.
 22. A twin float aircraft as in claim13 wherein each float when in a retracted position is positioned so thatthe surfaces of the respective float which were lowermost in theextended position are positioned to not be outer surfaces when in theretracted position.
 23. A twin float aircraft as in claim 13 whereinthere is a stub wing which can carry with it frame members provide forsupport of a float both in a retracted and in an extended position. 24.A twin float aircraft with its floats each being secured to the aircraftso that they can each assume at least two positions, a first of which isan extended position and a second of which is a retracted position, andbeing arranged when in an extended position, to at least substantiallysupport the aircraft in a floating on water status providing sufficientbuoyancy and stability for the aircraft during takeoff and landing, theaircraft having a first of the floats located to one side of a mainfuselage of the aircraft, and a second of the floats located to a secondside of the main fuselage which second side is opposite to the saidfirst side of the main fuselage of the aircraft, the floats being eacharranged when in the retracted position to be located with respect tothe main fuselage so that a substantial portion of the surface area ofeach respective float is shielded from contributing substantially to airflow resistance of the aircraft when in flight, each of the floatshaving a portion which is articulated with respect to a further part offloat, and being arranged such that when the float is supported to be inan extended position, the float has a first articulated position, andwhen the float is supported to be in a retracted position, the float hasa second articulated position which is different from the said firstarticulated position, wherein each of the floats is comprised of atleast two portions one of which is at or is a forward end of the floatand one of which is at or is a rearward end of the float, the twoportions being connected so that they are moveable one with respect tothe other and are articulated thereby, and such that when the floats arein an extended position they assume a first articulated position, with aforward portion being substantially linearly aligned with the rearwardportion and when in a retracted position they are in a furtherarticulated position in which the rearward portion is inclined withrespect to the forward portion with a most rearward portion of therearward portion being highest so as to substantially conform analignment of an upper part of the float with an underneath upwardlyinclined alignment of a rearward part of the main fuselage.